Impact of Abraham Lincoln - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 854 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Abraham Lincoln Essay Did you like this example? Abraham Lincoln is a very known individual that simply started off as a self-taught lawyer then worked his way up to be the United States sixteenth president. He was born on February 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. His schooling was very limited, and he also had to work to constantly support his family. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of Abraham Lincoln" essay for you Create order Later on in his life, he was able to move to Illinois and start teaching himself law. He earned himself the name Honest Abe in Springfield, Illinois working as a lawyer serving clients such as town individuals up to national railroad lines. Later of many years of territorial tractions, the election of an antislavery northerner as the 16th president of the United States drove many southerners angry and were not happy at all. By the time Lincoln was starting to take initiative as 16th United States president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. Florida was part of these seven states. After Lincoln ordered a fleet of Union ships to supply South Carolinas Fort in April, the Confederates fired on both the fort and the Union fleet. This was the beginning of the Civil War. Lincoln called for 500,000 more troops as both sides prepared for a long conflict. The two major issues during the civil war were slavery and state rights. The border states between the North and the South had the hardest time during the war. Two major battles and several smaller ones took place in Florida. The Union sent ships to occupy Floridas ports: St. Augustine, Jacksonville, Key West, and Pensacola. This block off left Floridians unable to participate in their usual sea trade. Florida was a major source of beef and salt for the Confederacy. Floridas beef became especially important after the Confederates lost control of the Mississippi River in 1864. With the flow of beef from Texas almost completely cut off, Floridas supply of cattle became a severe food source for the Confederate Army. An estimated amount of 15,000-16,000 Floridians fought in the war. Most were in the Confederacy, but roughly around 2,000 joined the Union army. Some Floridians didnt want to fight for either side, so they hid out in the woods and swamps to avoid being chosen. Almost 5,000 Floridian soldiers were killed during this war. Most of the Floridians fighting were men so it was up to the women, children, and slaves to keep the farms up and working. Money was very tight and most families had to grow their own food and make their own clothes. Clothing was collected to send to the troops and iron was collected to make swords, guns, and other armed goods. By 1863, the Confederate Army was in trouble. The bigger Union Army was reducing the Confederates numbers. President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves in the southern states. This made the Confederacy angry and so the war continued. Many freed slaves joined the Union Army and fought to defeat the south and free their family members who were still in bondage. There were two large battles that that took place in Florida and both were won by Confederate troops. Battles were fought in the North and the South, but most of them took place in the South. On February 20, 1864, the largest Civil War battle in Florida occurred near Lake City. It was called the Battle of Olustee. It was a victory for the Confederacy, but this battle did not help win the war. The war continued, but the Confederacy was becoming weaker and weaker and most of the southern capitals were being captured. Supply lines to the Confederate troops were cut off. On April 4, 1865, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant. The war was officially over. Some battles continued for a short period of time, but, once word reached troops who were still fighting, the southern generals surrendered. Florida officially surrendered April 26, 1865. Union troops took over Tallahassee and immediately raised the United States flag. Once again, the states were united. On April 9 Union victory was near, and Lincoln gave a speech on the White House lawn on April 11, asking his audience to welcome the southern states back into the fold. Unfortunately, Lincoln did not live to help bring out his ideas of Reconstruction. On the night of April 14, the actor and Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth went into the presidents box at Fords Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him in the back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a rooming house across the street from the theater, but he never recovered consciousness and died in the early morning on April 15, 1865. In many regards, Florida remains the forgotten state of the Confederacy. Although the third state to secede, Floridas small population and limited industrial resources made the state of little importance to either side. For years, differences between North and South over slavery and the federal governments right to regulate it had divided the country. Political leaders in Florida and throughout the South considered Lincolns election the breaking point. If slavery were to survive, the South would have to leave the Union.

Cost - 2905 Words

Each and every person has the potential and free choice to pursue a career as an entrepreneur. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 29 2. The generation of the 21st century may become known as generation E because they are becoming the most entrepreneurial generation since the Industrial Revolution. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 29 3. Determining a person’s â€Å"entrepreneurial perspective† is an exact science. ANS: F PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 29 4. Entrepreneurs are pessimists who see the cup half empty, rather than half full.†¦show more content†¦ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 39 23. There are four causes of entrepreneurial stress. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 40 24. Immersion in business can be cured by limiting work to an eight hour day. ANS: F PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 41 25. The need to achieve can be a source of stress for entrepreneurs. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 40 26. Stress on the entrepreneur can be caused both internally and by other people. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 41 27. The entrepreneur is driven by a strong desire for control over their venture. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 42 28. The â€Å"dark side† of entrepreneurship refers to the stress that entrepreneur’s experience. ANS: F PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 38 29. Entrepreneurs always know that they as individuals must remain less important than the venture. ANS: F PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 44 30. Entrepreneurs like to remain alert to competition, customers, andShow MoreRelatedThe Cost Of Cost Costing934 Words   |  4 Pagestime, abridged, and after that designated to the greater part of the units delivered amid that time of time on a predictable premise. At the point when items are rather being produced on an individual premise, occupation costing is utilized to amass costs and appoint the expenses to items. At the point when a creation procedure contains a few mass assembling and some modified components, then a crossover costing framework is utilized. Cases of the businesses where this kind of creation happens incorporateRead MoreThe Cost Of Cost Management1086 Words   |  5 PagesSouthern University â€Æ' Introduction Cost management is worried with the way toward arranging and controlling the financial plan of a project or business. 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Economic Integration in Latin America a Reality or a Mith Free Essays

Economic Integration in LATAM: A Reality or a Myth Oscar R. Martinez Latin American International Relations 19 March 2013 Integration for Latin American (LATAM) states has been an overarching approach when discussing foreign relations in the western hemisphere. Much of the literature proposed in this class proposes the intentions of LATAM states to integrate at different levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Integration in Latin America: a Reality or a Mith? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, this paper will demonstrate that regional economic integration is formally happening. Yet, it remains weak and inconclusive. Internal bureaucracy and the lack of commitment to these integration efforts overshadow the intentions for economic integration. This paper will examine the different strategic options for economic integration in LATAM, the reason why LATAM states seek for economic integration and most importantly the factors impeding and weakening regional integration in the western hemisphere. This analysis is based on the historical evidence of LATAM states’ behavior and trading trends. To grasp the ongoing economic liberalization policies in LATAM, we must first understand viable strategic options of economic integration for LATAM states. After the Cold War, Latin America faced a prospect of marginalization. The distinctive economic disadvantages to compete in the world economics presented different strategic integration options that could provide the foundation for long-term development and growth. Peter H. Smith proposed four different economic integration options for Latin America at the beginning of the new millennium: unilateral liberalization, joining with the North, extra-hemispheric partnership, and regional integration. These strategic models accentuated the different available options LATAM states could consider in order to the meet political and economic agendas. The first strategic option available is the unilateral liberalization of economic programs to strengthen commercial and financial ties with major power centers. This option allows countries to center on export-led development were internal policies focuses on the diversification of products and partners and continually seek foreign investments from multiple sources. Chile is an example of using this lucrative option. Before Pinochet, Chile exercised protectionist trade policies that suffocated its trading opportunities throughout the globe. Pinochet’s economic reforms resembled this option advocating free trade and allowing Chile to develop commercial ties with Europe, Japan, and the United States without allowing dependence to any single trade partner. Chile has the most signed free trade agreements in South America. The second strategic option is joining economic grounds with the United States. This alternative seems beneficial for LATAM countries because it also integrates them with the world economy. LATAM states understand the current economic position of the United States and its interdependence in the global economy; this assertion could incentivize other countries to meet their economic ambitions at a global scale. Countries view this option as an opportunity to integrate with the strongest world’s economy, which will enable them to gain prestige and trading opportunities in the global market. Mexico has followed this option, mostly because of its geographic proximity to the United States, benefitting from the free access to the U. S. market—with NAFTA— and tormenting from its sole dependence. In 2011, nearly 80% of Mexico’s exports were tied to the United States. This can be referred as â€Å"putting most of your eggs in one basket. † Nevertheless, the Mexican economy has significantly grown since NAFTA. The third strategic options is seeking extra-hemispheric partnership. LATAM leaders have the option to develop economic ties with extra-hemispheric trading blocs such as the European Union and the Asian-Pacific Region. LATAM countries to offset the hegemonic position of the United States often use this option. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Peru, and Venezuela have made remarkable efforts in exercising this option in the past decade. Some countries and/or regional trading blocs see this as a feasible option due to the competition and intense bureaucratic limitations within their own region or subregion. Consequently, this option allows LATAM states to diversify their trading partnership. The fourth and final strategic option is the main focus for this paper. The regional/subregional economic integration option affirms self-reliance. This alternative provides a realistic approach in changing economic configurations of international power. Therefore, we must further examine this option and explain why LATAM insist on integrating their economies. Regional economic integration agreements depend on the motivation, form, coverage and content. It is often that the major actors set the agenda not only with the view of constructing and retaining power at that regional level but also to establish global precedents. According to Smith, â€Å"given the diversity of interests and economic structures, Latin American leaders have focused not only on continental unification but on subregional integration—projects for economic cooperation among groups of Latin American countries, rather than for the continent as a whole. † The level of interest in regional integration depends on what cost/benefit (political and economical) analysis in the countries involved. We can argue that Latin America is not homogeneous block, therefore, the different intentions and needs from each country drive regional economic integration at different scales. Nevertheless, LATAM countries insist in integrating their economies for more relevant factors. First, they wanted to keep their market open for trade (market liberalization). After the Cold War, developing countries in the region needed to increase their trade opportunities in order to level the economic blow caused by developed nations. Open markets increase economic development among partner countries and enhance interaction and cooperation between states and markets. Economic Integration is also a way to overcome the limitation of small domestic markets. Second, countries want to compete with other regional integration options. Countries that feel limited to an outside regional trading bloc will try to form its own to level the plain field. The Andean Pact (1989) was the first economic integration effort in the western hemisphere. Others followed immediately after this economic block was established: Central American Common Market (CACM—1990), Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR—1991), and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA—1993). LATAM countries were pressured to compete as a bloc instead as single element. Third, common norms and ideals spreading to the region encouraged economic integration between these countries. Former Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez led a common anti-US movement to contest different political and economic views. The Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA) formed by President Chavez intended a regional cooperation of many LATAM countries based on the idea of the social, political and economic integration. The Bolivarianism movement is an effort to balance against the Washington consensus and liberal markets sponsored by the US. These type economic integrations have more of a completion of economic, social and political ideals. Diana Tussie articulates, â€Å"Regionalism in Latin America is not just a single tidy entity but has given way to many coexisting and competing projects with fuzzy boundaries. † Regional integration provides a variety of incentives for LATAM countries, however, not everything is as easy as it seems. LATAM effort for regional integration started in 1960 with the Latin American Free trade association (LAFTA), however, this and other regional integration projects failed due to the internal and external factor that limited or impeded its success. Numerous internal and external factors impeding effective economic integration continue to weaken these regional efforts. Internal factors such as commodities-based economies and domestic policies influence the commitment and participation to these integration projects. External factors such other attractive international options also weakens the regional economic integration. Regional integration is constantly threatened by these factors and it is more evident in Latin America. Despite of the formal integration, the effectiveness of these regional institutions is directly affected by domestic elements. The first internal factor affecting this regional integration endeavors is the number of commodities-based economies. The commodities for countries are not complimentary with each other. Competition for the open trade in the global market becomes fiercely competitive. Countries will ignore treaties to gain competitive advantage. The â€Å"commodity lottery† or the random allocation of natural resources endowments seems to be an influential factor when deciding trading partners. For example, Brazil and Argentina are both members of MERCOSUR, but both are competing for the right to export their agricultural and energy products outside the region. Tussie reveals this issue by stating that â€Å"regional institutions remain feeble, honoured more in spirit than in letter, and intra-regional relations are frayed with competing development projects. † The second internal factor is domestic policies. This factor impeding the effective economic integration is broken in two different elements: changes in regime and bureaucratic domestic pressures. The constant changes of political regimes affect the stability of a regional institution. Establishments of new political reforms will directly affect economic ambitions set in treaties by previous regimes. An example of General Pinochet economic reform in Chile has isolated its regional neighbors. The drastic withdrawal of Chile from the Andean Pact and the sway of neo-liberalism generated major economic crises, antagonism to region-wide industrial planning, and a backlog of non-compliance decisions in the region. Hugo Chavez in Venezuela has also stirred the pot on the new endeavors for MERCOSUR, making this trading bloc more of a political instrument rather than an economic integration system. Other domestic pressures come from the legislative institutions blocking and making these trading initiatives almost impossible to achieve. The bureaucratic process to ratify new or change current treaties—in particular Free Trade Agreements—seems to discourage any further economic integrations. Countries such as Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica would rather sign unilateral treaties than entering into a regional bloc. The final factor affecting the economic integration in Latin America is the recognition of a more attractive option outside their region to integrate their economies. Research shows that less than 28 percent of the overall trade in in Latin America is intra-regional. This means that economic institutions in Latin America do not take advantage or effectively use their regional partners for trade. For most of the LATAM countries, their top five trading partners include the United States, China, and the European Union. Again, the â€Å"commodity lottery† plays a huge role in the influence of why these countries prefer other international states for economic integration. The United States is the most important trading partner for most of the LATAM countries. The economies of many of these LATAM countries depend on the import and export with the United States. Their economic dependence influences some regional decisions. Nevertheless, these economic decisions could be used to balance against the United State, even though; this could also hurt their own economy. For example, Venezuela’s largest trading partner is the United States. Yet, Venezuela’s domestic and regional economic policies continue to challenge those economic practices it depends the most on. Another huge external factor is the emergence of China and its economic influence in Latin America. LATAM countries see China as a potential alternative from the northern hegemony. Also, China’s manufacturing industry is highly competitive from those in Latin America. Many countries would prefer cheaper Chinese manufactured good than a more expensive one from their regional partners. China indeed affected the regional integration in Latin America. As expressed by Tussie, referring to regional economic institutions, â€Å"it has as an ‘epic’ status as a preferred tool for promoting social rather than mere market goals. † Historically, regional integration has always been part of the LATAM culture. Whether for political or economic gains, the effort to form these institutions is relevant and somehow too optimistic. This paper displays different economic options LATAM states have in regards to economic integration. It also defines regional or subregional integration and lists some of the reasons why LATAM states insist in regional integration. Finally, the evidence and examples shown of the internal and external factors that impede and/or weaken regional integration support the following conclusion. A pragmatic approach in the economic and trading decisions seem to dominate the foreign policies of most LATAM countries, affecting the strength, legitimacy, and relevance of these formal regional institutions. ——————————————- [ 1 ]. Peter H. Smith, â€Å"Strategic Options for Latin America,† Latin America in the New World System, in Latin America in the New International System, ed. Joseph Tulchin and Ralph Espach (Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 2001), 38. [ 2 ]. Ibid. , 35-36. [ 3 ]. Ibid. ,3 9. [ 4 ]. Ibid. , 39-41. [ 5 ]. â€Å"US Relations with Mexico,† Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, US Department of State, accessed on March 15, 2013, http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35749. htm. [ 6 ]. Smith, â€Å"Strategic Options Latin America,† 46-53. [ 7 ]. Diana Tussie, â€Å"Latin America: Contrasting Motivations for Regional Projects,† Review of International Studies 35, S1 (2009), 169-188, doi:10. 1017/S026021050900847X. [ 8 ]. Smith, â€Å"Strategic Options Latin America,† 46. [ 9 ]. Tussie, â€Å"Contrasting Motivations Regional,† 170. [ 10 ]. Ibid. [ 11 ]. Francisco E. Gonzalez, â€Å"Latin America in the Economic Equation—Winners and Losers: What can losers do? † in China’s Expansion into the Western Hemisphere: Implications for Latin American and the United States, ed. Riordan Roett and Guadalupe Paz (Washington, D. C. :Brookings Institution Press, 2008), 151. [ 12 ]. Tussie, â€Å"Contrasting Motivations Regional,† 170. [ 13 ]. Ibid. , 174. [ 14 ]. â€Å"International Trade and Market Access Data,† World Trade Organization website, accessed on March 3, 2013, http://webservices. wto. org/resources/profiles/MT/TO/2011/WLD_e. pdf. [ 15 ]. â€Å"International Trade and Market Access Data,† World Trade Organization website, accessed on March 3, 2013, http://www. wto. org/english/res_e/statis_e/statis_bis_e. htm? solution=WTOpath=/Dashboards/MAPSfile= Map. wcdfbookmarkState={%22impl%22:%22client%22,%22params%22:{%22langParam%22:%22en%22}}. [ 16 ]. Tussie, â€Å"Contrasting Motivations Regional,† 176. How to cite Economic Integration in Latin America: a Reality or a Mith?, Essay examples

Intriguing Scenarios of Clinical Reasoning

Question: Discuss about the Intriguing Scenarios of Clinical Reasoning. Answer: Introduction Clinically, Mrs. Amaris case presents one of the most intriguing scenarios of clinical reasoning. The case exposes faulty approaches by the medical staff in the diagnoses and treatment of the patient. In diagnosing this case, there is the need to collect facts from the patient situation; this includes her age, her social life, her lifestyle, and medical conditions. The nurses also ought to have collected cues from Mrs. Amaris conditions, process the information, and analyze it, before identifying the problems, and taking actions. Arguably, the nurses in charge did not do comprehensive evaluation of available options when dealing with Mrs. Amaris case. Patient Situation Cognitive perception of nurses is a key determinant of patient outcome and the foundation to correct treatment. Usually, nurses allow their judgment to be clouded by attitudes and hasty conclusions creating a deficiency in critical thinking that results in failure to notice vital warning signs in patients' (Ericsson, Whyte Ward, (2007). Mrs. Amari, a 59-year-old woman, was admitted to a hospital and diagnosed with a minor stroke on physical assessment which later gained the status of the Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) since a subsequent check-up told of the disappearance of the symptoms. A TAI is not a heart attack nor can it be defined as a cerebral vascular accident; a TAI is caused by an unusual disruption of the blood supply to the brain due to presence of a blood clot, plaque or damaged arteries as a result of hypertension. Collecting Cues A TIA is a form of stroke that is minor and subsides within a period of 24 hours a cerebral vascular accident, however, lasts longer and is riskier. When blood supply to the brain is disrupted, the blood components like oxygen and nutrients which are essential for the functioning of the brain are inhibited from reaching the brain. The brain cells, therefore, start to die, terminating the transmission of certain nerve impulses to parts of the body. This termination leads to paralysis and numbness of the affected areas which are usually on either the right or left part of the body depending on which part of the brain is affected by the blood disruption. Further blockage of the arteries serving the brain with blood may cause adverse effects or permanent stroke NSW Health (2006). For the TAI the blood supply usually resumes, and the symptoms subside. Mrs. Amari being an elderly woman inflicted an ascertainment bias among the nurses who immediately associated her symptoms with stroke since the condition gets common with advancing age; this prevented them from realizing the bigger picture. According to Darmani (2010), ascertainment bias is said to be the lack of clinical reasoning by nurses due to assumptions based on age, stigma and stereotyping. Due to the prior ascertainment, there were no background checks on the patient's history of medical assessment or analysis of previous patient charts. Instead, the nurses went ahead to gather new information basing their evaluation on the detection of signs associated with stroke. Their diagnosis followed the procedure of the stroke diagnosis that involves blood tests, computed tomography, MRI but failed to carry out a CAT scan which presents any bleeding in the brain. Coincidentally some of the signs and symptoms of a stroke were present and so once more there was a confirmation bias that led to a tilted processing and interpretation of patient information. According to Warren (2011), some of the signs and symptoms of a typical TAI that a patient should possess include: having a weak, numb and paralyzed experience of the face, limbs or arms, delayed speech, and poor comprehensive ability, dizziness, blurred vision, headache and difficulty in swallowing. Out of all these symptoms, the conclusion was that she was having a minor stroke due to the numbness of the right arm and the slurring speech. What the nurses failed to see was that there were other symptoms indicating signs of a more complicated complication which may have led to the damage of the arteries in the brain causing the minor stroke signs. All the other symptoms were overlooked. According to Lasater (2007), this is a conformational bias and is described as when a nurse looks for evidence to support prior conclusions without considering the opposing signs. (Ericsson, Whyte, and Ward, 2007) state the slurred speech and paralysis as the main misguiding factors in the diagnosis o f a patient that may lead to the conclusion that the patient is suffering from a stroke which may not be the case. Process Information In the current situation, it is clear that Mrs. Mari was a victim of biased clinical reasoning that led to wrong treatment and thus the worsened condition. The physical assessment shows she has progressed from stage one hypertension to stage two. Her respiratory rates are normal, and her GCS shows signs of moderate brain damage where she can only open her eyes to voices. She can respond to pain but has a clear vision, the blood glucose levels, and the temperature is stable and normal, it is essential to acquire the patient background knowledge on the history of assessments and health records (Malinina, Zema, Sander Serebruany, 2007). From the previous evaluation and which was correct, there is the presence of a carotid bruit which indicates signs of a narrowed artery. According to Cox (2008), a carotid bruit is a sound occurring in the neck area which is detected by a stethoscope and which indicates signs of narrow artery lumen. Then the next step will be the new diagnosis, the firs t alarming sign is hypertension, and so we need to perform ambulatory blood pressure check accompanied by a lipid test to determine if she has high cholesterol levels. There after we need to repeat the MRI and CT scan this time being objective and being on the lookout for any danger signs in the brain. From the findings, Mrs. Amari is suffering from the condition of high blood pressure which has originated from a condition known as hypercholesterolemia which is the presence of too much cholesterol build up (Tarner, 2006).This is a cause for alarm as the cholesterol build up exists in the arteries, and this has led to the narrowing down of the arteries transporting the blood from the heart. As a result, the cholesterol on the walls of the arteries have led to the hardening of the walls, and this is causing the heart to pump harder which may occur at her age cause heart failure or a heart attack (Groopman, 2008). According to Qureshi, Clarke Rudd (2012), the heart pumps harder and as the arteries narrow down the blood pressure goes up, and this is causing plaques in the brain that may lead to frequent TAIs due to disruption of blood supply, this explains the numbness and slurred speech. If the plaques continue to add, there may occur permanent brain damage or permanent stroke (Tarne r, 2006). Infer Medication; therefore, needs to start right away to reduce the cholesterol so as to reduce the risks associated with hypertension and cholesterol levels. To improve her condition, Mrs. Amari needs to improve her lifestyle regarding eating a balanced diet and exercising more, reducing her salt intake and living a stress-free life, Apart from that she will receive drugs to lower her blood pressure, reduce her cholesterol and eliminate the blood clots and plaques. However, it will be impossible to fully remove all the cholesterol in the arteries and also regain the shape of the lumens. The measures if implemented correctly will reduce the risk factors. The brain functioning of Mrs. Mari was altered, and this was assessed by the CAT scan and the MRI performed. Due to the change in the neurology of Mrs. Amari, it is important that she emphasizes on dietary change and management of stress. Her condition creates a risk of brain damage, and so it is necessary also to supplement her with pres criptions of supplements and vitamins to boost her brain activity. References Cox, Bev,B.Sc, R.G.N. 2008, "Stroke and transient ischaemic attack",Practice Nurse,vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 43-48. Darmani, N.A. 2010. "Cannabinoid-Induced Hyperemesis: A Conundrum From Clinical Recognition to Basic Science Mechanisms." Pharmaceuticals, vol.3. no.7.pp 2163-2177. Ericsson, K., Whyte, A. and Ward. J. 2007. "Expert performance in nursing: reviewing research on expertise in nursing within the framework of the expert-performance approach." Advances in Nursing Science. vol 30. no.1.pp 58-71. Groopman, J. (2008). How Doctors Think. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Lasater, K. 2007. High-fidelity simulation and the development of clinical judgment: students' experiences. Journal of Nursing Education. vol.46.no. 6. pp 269-276. Malinina, D., Zema, C., Sander, S. Serebruany, V. 2007, "Cost-effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention",Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research,vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 357-63. NSW Health, 2006. Patient Safety and Clinical Quality Program: Third report on incident management in the NSW Public Health System 2005-2006. NSW Department of Health. Sydney. Qureshi, S., Clarke, A. Rudd, A. 2012, "Transient ischaemic attack",GP,, pp. 27-29. Tanner, C. 2006. "Thinking like a nurse: A research-based model of clinical judgment in nursing." Journal of Nursing Education, vol.45. no.6.pp 204-211 Warren, Ed,F.R.C.G.P., G.P. 2011, "A QOF perspective on... stroke and transient ischaemic attack",Practice Nurse,vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 19-22.